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1.
Tongling Xia Yue Qi Xilei Dai Jinyu Liu Can Xiao Ruoyu You Dayi Lai Junjie Liu Chun Chen 《Indoor air》2021,31(6):2020-2032
To evaluate the separate impacts on human health and establish effective control strategies, it is crucial to estimate the contribution of outdoor infiltration and indoor emission to indoor PM2.5 in buildings. This study used an algorithm to automatically estimate the long-term time-resolved indoor PM2.5 of outdoor and indoor origin in real apartments with natural ventilation. The inputs for the algorithm were only the time-resolved indoor/outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and occupants’ window actions, which were easily obtained from the low-cost sensors. This study first applied the algorithm in an apartment in Tianjin, China. The indoor/outdoor contribution to the gross indoor exposure and time-resolved infiltration factor were automatically estimated using the algorithm. The influence of outdoor PM2.5 data source and algorithm parameters on the estimated results was analyzed. The algorithm was then applied in four other apartments located in Chongqing, Shenyang, Xi'an, and Urumqi to further demonstrate its feasibility. The results provided indirect evidence, such as the plausible explanations for seasonal and spatial variation, to partially support the success of the algorithm used in real apartments. Through the analysis, this study also identified several further development directions to facilitate the practical applications of the algorithm, such as robust long-term outdoor PM2.5 monitoring using low-cost light-scattering sensors. 相似文献
2.
Erik Zipperling Benedikt Dahlmann Markus Zdrallek Christian Derksen Stefan Eicker Heiko Serafin 《化学,工程师,技术》2021,93(4):624-631
Demands on production, distribution and consumption of electrical energy change fundamentally with the energy revolution. Energy purchasing costs for inflexible consumers are rising and proceeds of inflexible producers are sinking. Companies are able to reduce costs by marketing operational flexibility options. This article sets out the need of flexibility in the energy system and the new marketing options. Flexibility potentials within infrastructure plants of a chemical park are analyzed, evaluated regarding marketing and activated in the presented research project FlexChemistry. 相似文献
3.
以超临界二氧化碳干气密封为研究对象,分别以维里方程、Lucas方程描述二氧化碳真实气体效应、黏度的变化,在考虑阻塞流效应的同时,采用有限差分法对考虑离心惯性力效应的Reynolds方程与能量控制方程进行耦合求解,分析讨论了工况参数与槽形结构参数对其相态分布规律与密封性能的影响。研究表明:S-CO2从密封端面进口至出口的流动过程中,如果工况参数设置合理,将由超临界态逐渐转变为气态,并不会出现液态;较低的进口压力、进口温度以及转速,均会容易导致潜在的凝结流动发生;相比于工况参数对相态分布的影响,槽形参数对相态分布的影响较小,近乎可以忽略;开启力除了随进口温度的升高而减小外,均随进口压力、转速、槽深、螺旋角的增大而增大;泄漏率随进口温度和转速的增大而减小,但其随进口压力、槽深、螺旋角的增大而增大。这些结果为进一步研究超临界二氧化碳干气密封提供了一定的支撑。 相似文献
4.
为了解决定子分段式永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)存在的因磁阻效应、负载阻力、摩擦力、参数摄动以及动子进出定子时耦合面积变化所造成的控制性能下降的难题,根据动子和定子的耦合状态,提出一种在完全耦合阶段和动子退出定子阶段的分段式控制方法。首先,在动子与定子完全耦合阶段采用改进滑模控制器减小推力波动导致的速度波动,再通过加入扰动观测器降低滑模切换项所带来的抖振现象;在动子退出定子阶段,建立相关电磁参数与动子位置的函数关系,实时补偿由耦合面积变化引起的动子失速,使动子速度在退出时接近给定值。仿真及实验结果表明动定子完全耦合过程中的速度稳态误差为0.005 m/s,收敛时间为0.3 s,动子退出定子阶段的速度波动不超过0.04 m/s,满足定子分段式PMLSM用于长行程自动运输系统对平稳性及快速性的需求。 相似文献
5.
针对目前凝汽器背压对滑压值的修正无普适算式可供遵循的问题,通过作图法推理获得了滑压设定值与凝汽器背压及机组负荷之间的二元函数表达式;利用流量变工况计算方法解决最佳综合阀位的确定问题,在满足机组日常运行需求的条件下达到汽轮机高压调阀节流损失最小化;将提出的基于凝汽器背压和机组负荷的二元函数滑压实时优化和基于流量变工况计算的最佳综合阀位控制滑压实时优化方法相结合,将凝汽器背压对滑压值的修正作为粗调,将最佳综合阀位控制对滑压值的修正作为细调,共同实现对滑压设定值的实时调整。在某660 MW超临界机组上的应用表明,该方法能够节约供电煤耗约1.12 g/(kW·h)。 相似文献
6.
Neska El Haouij Raja Ghozi Jean‐Michel Poggi Sylvie Sevestre‐Ghalila Mriem Jaïdane 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2019,35(5):1502-1513
This paper characterizes stress levels via a self‐similarity analysis of the electrodermal activity (EDA) collected in a real‐world driving context. To characterize the EDA richness over scales, the fractional Brownian motion (FBM) process and its corresponding exponent H, estimated via a wavelet‐based approach, are used. Specifically, an automatic scale range selection is proposed in order to detect the linearity in a log scale diagram. The procedure is applied to the EDA signals, from the open database drivedb, originally captured on the foot and the hand of the drivers during a real‐world driving experiment, designed to evoke different levels of arousal and stress. The estimated Hurst exponent H offers a distinction in stress levels when driving in highway versus city, with a reference to restful state of minimal stress level. Specifically, the estimated H values tend to decrease when the driving environmental complexity increases. In addition, the estimated H values on the foot EDA signals allow a better characterization of the driving task than that of hand EDA. The self‐similarity analysis was applied to various physiological signals in literature but not to the EDA so far, a signal which was found to correlate most with human affect. The proposed analysis could be useful in real‐time monitoring of stress levels in urban driving spaces, among other applications. 相似文献
7.
针对互联网中恶意域名攻击事件频发,现有域名检测方法实时性不强的问题,提出一种基于词法特征的恶意域名快速检测算法。该算法根据恶意域名的特点,首先将所有待测域名按照长度进行正则化处理后赋予权值;然后利用聚类算法将待测域名划分成多个小组,并利用改进的堆排序算法按照组内权值总和计算各域名小组优先级,根据优先级降序依次计算各域名小组中每一域名与黑名单上域名之间的编辑距离;最后依据编辑距离值快速判定恶意域名。算法运行结果表明,基于词法特征的恶意域名快速检测算法与单一使用域名语义和单一使用域名词法的恶意域名检测算法相比,准确率分别提高1.7%与2.5%,检测速率分别提高13.9%与6.8%,具有更高的准确率和实时性。 相似文献
8.
9.
Tamara Schenekar Martin Schletterer Laurne A. Lecaudey Steven J. Weiss 《河流研究与利用》2020,36(7):1004-1013
Biodiversity monitoring via environmental DNA, particularly metabarcoding, is evolving into a powerful assessment tool for riverine systems. However, for metabarcoding to be fully integrated into standardized monitoring programmes, some current challenges concerning sampling design, laboratory workflow, and data analysis need to be overcome. Here, we review some of these major challenges and potential solutions. We further illustrate three potential pitfalls, namely the choice of suitable metabarcoding primers, the necessity of complete reference databases, and varying assay sensitivities, by a reappraisal of our‐own recently carried out metabarcoding study in the Volga headwaters. TaqMan qPCRs had detected catfish (Silurus glanis) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla), whereas metabarcoding had not, in the same samples. Furthermore, after extending the genetic reference database by 12 additional species and re‐analysing the metabarcoding data, we additionally detected the Siberian spiny loach (Cobitis sibirica) and Ukrainian brook lamprey (Eudontomyzon mariae) and reassigned the operational taxonomic units previously assigned to Misgurnus fossilis to Cobitis sibirica. In silico analysis of metabarcoding primer efficiencies revealed considerable variability among primer pairs and among target species, which could lead to strong primer bias and potential false‐negatives in metabarcoding studies if not properly compensated for. These results highlight some of the pitfalls of eDNA‐metabarcoding as a means of monitoring fish biodiversity in large rivers, which need to be considered in order to fully unleash the full potential of these approaches for freshwater biodiversity monitoring. 相似文献
10.
Contact surfaces do not make contact perfectly because such surfaces have a lot of asperities. The real contact area is much smaller than the nominal contact area, and the real contact areas has a non-uniform distribution because of the waviness in the contact surface. The contact stiffness is influenced not only by the deformation of the asperities, but also by the distribution of the real contact areas. In general, a contact surface with a uniform distribution of the real contact areas has greater contact stiffness. However, this requires a grinding finish and costs more than the cutting finish. In this study, a method for uniformly distributing the real contact areas easily, is proposed to improve the contact stiffness of a contact surface finished by cutting. The method is called the cutter mark cross (CMC) method. The allowable waviness in the CMC method is shown. In addition, the effect of the CMC method is investigated by experimentation. The results show that the real contact areas can be distributed uniformly using the CMC method. The horizontal and vertical contact stiffness can also be improved. 相似文献